Over the past year or so I've been involved in on going discussions related to referring fault levels from the secondary of a transformer to the primary...

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

The fundamental component of any analogue computer is the operational amplifier, or op amp. An operational amplifier (often called an op-amp,) is a high...

IEC 62305 'Protection against lightning' requires a risk assessment be carried out to determine the characteristics of any lightning protection system...

Request to look at induction motor starting time have come up a few times on the site. Hopefully in this post, I give you guys some idea on how to calculate...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

"I can live with doubt and uncertainty and not knowing. I think it is much more interesting to live not knowing than to have answers that might be wrong...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

Traditionally substations have used circuit breakers, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT) and protection relays all wired together using...

Alternating current (a.c.) is the backbone of modern electrical power distribution. In this article I’ll be pulling some of the more important concepts...