The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

The European Union is implementing a voluntary code of practice for participants with the aim of improving the overall efficiency of data centres. As part...

A fundamental concept behind the operation of alternating current systems is that voltage and current waveforms will be sinusoidal – a Sine Wave. This...

When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

Induction motors are frequently used in both industrial and domestic applications.  Within the induction motor, an electrical current in the rotor is induced...

The widely used United Sates standard ANSI/IEEE C37.2 'Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations' deals with...

From the earliest times, humans have found ways to create light. Pre-historic peoples used natural materials (moss, grass, etc.) soaked in animal fat and...