The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

Installation of a UPS can help in reducing problems due to issues with the power supply.  A lot of people relate this to nine key issues.  Depending on...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

Variable frequency drives are widely used to control the speed of ac motors.  This note looks at the mechanisms which enable drive units to control the...

If you at all familiar with programs like office and outlook, then adding and editing posts is pretty straightforward and intuitive.  However, there are...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

Capacitors have numerous applications in electrical and electronic applications.  This note examines the use of capacitors to store electrical energy....

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...